134 lines
4.5 KiB
Markdown
134 lines
4.5 KiB
Markdown
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## Recap
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- Learned basic expressions
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- Learned how to count (more or less)
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- Learned how to ask and provide personal information
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- Understood basic conversation (70%)
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## Vocabulary additions
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### Phrases
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- Ik ben -> I am
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- Ik studeen -> I study
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- Ik woon in -> I reside in (country)
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- Mijn naam is -> My name is
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- Ik doe -> I am doing
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- Hoe zeg je ... ? -> How do you say?
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- Hoe spreek je ... **uit**? -> How do you pronounce ...?
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- Herhaal = Repeat
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- Leer = Learn
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- Maak = Make
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- Kijk = Watch
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### Verbs
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- luisteren -> to listen
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- nazeggen -> to repeat
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- lezen -> tor read
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- oefenen -> to practice
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- hebben -> to have
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### Nouns
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- bladzijde -> page
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- klemtoon -> emphasis
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### Numbers
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| English | Dutch |
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| ------------- | ------------------------------- |
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| zero | nul (nuhl) |
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| one | een (e-yn) |
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| two | twee (tvey) |
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| three | drie (dree) |
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| four | vier (fvier) |
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| five | vijf (faeif) |
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| six | zes |
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| seven | zeven (zayfe) |
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| eight | acht |
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| nine | negen (neiche) |
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| ten | tien (teen) |
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| *eleven* | *elf* |
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| *twelve* | *twaalf* (tvaalv) |
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| thir**teen** | der**tien** (dur-teen) |
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| four**teen** | veer**tien** (vierteen) |
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| fif**teen** | vijf**tien** (faif-teen) |
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| six**teen** | zes**tien** (zes-teen) |
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| seven**teen** | zeven**tien** (zayfenteen) |
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| eigh**teen** | acht**tien** (acht-teen) |
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| nine**teen** | negen**tien** (neichenteen) |
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| twenty | twintig (tvintugh) |
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| twenty-one | eenentwintig (e-yn en tvintugh) |
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| thirty | dertig (dur-tugh) |
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| fourty | veertig (fvier-tugh) |
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| fifty | vijftig (faeif-tugh) |
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| sixty | zestig (zes-tugh) |
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| seventy | zeventig (zayven-tugh) |
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| eighty | **tachtig** (tagh-tugh) |
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| ninety | negentig (neighen-tuch) |
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| hundred | honderd |
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- 10-20 has the same logic as English
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- When adding a digit to a 2-digit number (i.e. 21), you say the second digit first (i.e. one) and then the first (amount of 10s, i.e. 20).
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- In English, 21 would be one and twenty if the same logic applied
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- 21 - een en twintig
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- 80 (**t**achtig) has an extra **t** in the beginning for some reason
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## Personal pronouns
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| Face | Pronoun |
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| ------------ | ----------------- |
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| 1 | ik |
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| 2 (informal) | jij/je |
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| 2 (formal) | u |
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| 3 | hij, zij / ze,het |
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| 1 | wij/we |
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| 2 | jullie |
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| 3 | zij/ze |
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## Grammatical rules
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### Formal "you"
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- u -> formal
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- jij/je -> informal
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### Difference between *jij* & *je*
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> Jij is used when an emphasis is being put on the word. You cant say "Ik ben Boyan, en je?", you should say "Ik ben Boyan, en jij?"
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*jij* - is used for PARTICULAR emphasis on the person. you can always use the stressed form.
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Same goes for *wij*(we) and *zij*(them).
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These are called [[Linguistic Terms#Emphatic forms |Emphatic forms]].
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### Conjugation rules
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Whenever *jij/je* appears after the verb, the t gets dropped (if the verb doesn't usually end in a t).
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### Conjugation of regular verbs
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luisteren - listen
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komen - come
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| | luisteren | komen |
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| ------------------ | --------- | ----- |
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| ik | luister | kom |
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| jij/je | luistert | komt |
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| u | luistert | komt |
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| hij, zij / ze, het | luistert | komt |
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| wij / we | luisteren | komen |
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| jullie | luisteren | komen |
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| zij / ze | luisteren | komen |
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### Conjugation of irregular verbs
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heb - have
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zijn - are
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| | hebben | zijn |
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| ------------------ | ---------- | ---- |
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| ik | heb | ben |
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| jij/je | hebt | bent |
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| u | hebt/heeft | bent |
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| hij, zij / ze, het | heeft | is |
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| wij/we | hebben | zijn |
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| jullie | hebben | zijn |
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| zij/ze | hebben | zijn |
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## Homework
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### Words
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- jullie - You/Yours (plural)
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- docent - teacher
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